BIORXIVbioRxivbioRxivCold Spring Harbor Laboratory10.64898/2025.12.13.6941651Regular Articlenew resultsmicrobiologyRibosomal Epistatic Interactions Drive the Emergence of High-Level Streptomycin Resistance in Escherichia coliTrimmomatichttp://www.usadellab.org/cms/index.php?page=trimmomaticRRID:SCR_011848Software and AlgorithmsSAMTOOLShttp://htslib.org/RRID:SCR_002105Software and AlgorithmsSAMtools/BCFtoolshttp://samtools.sourceforge.net/mpileup.shtmlRRID:SCR_005227Software and AlgorithmsSnpEffhttp://snpeff.sourceforge.net/RRID:SCR_005191Software and AlgorithmsNCBI Sequence Read Archive (SRA)http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sraRRID:SCR_004891Software and Algorithms